Moreover, miR‐223‐3p is associated with pulpitis repair, and its upregulation facilitates odontoblastic differentiation by inhibiting SMAD3, thus promoting increased expression of the dentine‐specific proteins dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentine matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP‐1) (Huang et al., 2019). Here, SMAD3 is linked to pulpitis.