Lee H et al. in a study, found that butyrate increased the expression of neurotrophic factors, and butyrate attenuated radiation-induced cognitive deficits by attenuating the inhibition of hippocampal cAMP-responsive element-binding protein phosphorylation or by promoting the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors (Lee et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and Cognitive impairment.