Diabetes increased IL-10, IL-17, IL-22, and TNF-α levels (Figures 5D–F, H), and reduced IL-1β (Figure 5A) levels in the colon of diabetic mice compared to non-diabetic controls, without altering the content of IL-4, IL-6, and TGF- β1 (Figures 5B, C, G). Here, TNF is linked to diabetes mellitus.