Significant differences were observed among the groups in fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, fasting C-peptide, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), β-cell function index (HOMA-β), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and sCD36, with all p < 0.05.In parallel, within-group comparisons confirmed that all three groups experienced some degree of clinical improvement after treatment (Table 2B). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.