For instance, exosomes loaded with PTEN and small interfering RNA have promoted axon growth and motor coordination in spinal cord injury rats, while exosomes containing curcumin have reduced α-synuclein aggregation and improved neuronal function in Parkinson’s disease mice (Offen et al., 2019; Mobahat et al., 2023). The gene discussed is PTEN; the disease is Parkinson disease.