Based on data recapitulating this decreased catalytic activity, accelerations in neural differentiation, and abnormal ESC differentiation in a knock-in mouse model, alterations in RNF12/Rlim-mediated ubiquitination could be the mechanism of pathology caused by these mutations in XLID patients (Bustos et al., 2018). The gene discussed is RLIM; the disease is cask-related x-linked intellectual disability.