2023) and after hip fracture surgery (Zheng et al. 2023). According to Pase et al. (2024), higher plasmatic concentrations of CHI3L1 correlated with cognitive deterioration (measured by other cognitive batteries). A comparable correlation between CSF NfL and MMSE was observed by Dhiman et al. (2020) in patients with AD. Here, NEFL is linked to cognition.