In vitro studies have examined EV-associated TDP-43 expression in a range of human lymphoblastoid cell lines, mouse NSC-34 (motor-neuron-like hybridoma), human SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma) and mouse N2a (neuroblastoma), as well as human cancer cell lines HEK293 and HeLa with overexpression of TDP-43 by transient transfection (10 studies in Table 1). Here, TARDBP is linked to cancer.