SLC5A1 and Insulin resistance: For example, a short-term Tac treatment (2 weeks) has been show to cause insulin resistance by downregulating GLP-1 expression in the ileum (Li et al. 2024), upregulating monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)−1 expression and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the adipose tissue (Sun et al. 2023), and SGLT1 expression in the jejunum (Li et al. 2015).