PPIF and neoplasm: Conversely, secondary M/D-driven tumorigenesis exhibited a strong (although sub-significant) trend towards acceleration in Ppif−/− mice (median TT2: 7 days; p value: 0.0763), and these animals developed at least one secondary tumor in 7/11 cases (~ 63.6%, p value: 0.0436) (Fig. 2A, B).