Previous studies have shown that PPARα activation can alleviate IBD symptoms.21,22 A recent study reports that PPARα agonist protects mice against colitis by rescuing loss in ISCs, while the protective effects were negated in the intestinal-specific PPARα deficient mice.23 By manipulating PPARα signaling with genetic or pharmacological approaches, we have demonstrated that the protective effects of MG53 are mediated by PPARα. The gene discussed is PPARA; the disease is colitis.