TNF and acute kidney injury: found that QUE can significantly inhibit LPS-induced secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α from bone marrow-derived macrophages and reduce the Mincle/Syk/NF-κB signaling pathway and Cr, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in AKI model rats, alleviating CIS-induced AKI (103).