TNF and Arthritis: It has a reliable incidence rate, essential features of human arthritis such as swelling of the extremities, synovial hyperplasia, lymphocyte infiltration into the joints, cartilage degradation and bone loss leading to loss of joint function (52, 56, 57), and is able to reflect key essential cytokines such as TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β known to be involved in the pathogenesis of human arthritis (58, 59).