This signature includes key genes such as BATF2, ANKRD22, GBP1, GBP5, FCGR1A, FCGR1BP, SEPTIN4, SERPING1, ETV7, SCARF1, GBP2, and APOL1, which align with previously reported TB-related signatures (Zak et al., 2016; Kaforou et al., 2013; Mulenga et al., 2020). Here, SERPING1 is linked to tuberculosis.