GSR and Alzheimer disease: Glutathione metabolism is the brain's main mechanism to protect against oxidative stress by neutralizing ROS and maintaining redox homeostasis.38 Levels of glutathione have been found to be decreased in Alzheimer's disease, but some heterogeneity in those results remain.39-41 Our analysis found a consistent upregulation of glutathione metabolism markers, GGCT, GSS, GLO1 and GSR.