The results of this study indicate that CPPM can amplify the ability of nanomedicine to target tumors through the EPR effect, promote the attachment and collection of CPPM at the tumor site, and enhance the local tumor-killing effect of PDT at the tumor site and, at the same time, be able to promote the exposure of CRT at the cell membrane and the extracellular release of HMGB1 and induce cascading immune responses in ICDs (Fig. 1B). Here, HMGB1 is linked to neoplasm.