MMP2 and breast cancer: The combination of these R8GD modified liposomes demonstrated potent toxicity against highly invasive breast cancer (MDA-MB-435S) cells, effectively suppressing the formation of vasculogenic mimicry (VM) channels, and inhibiting tumor cell metastasis by down-regulating HIF-1α, MMP-2, TGF-β1 and VE-cad [442].