APAF1 and colonic neoplasm: In colon cancer (SW620 and LoVo) cells, the dual treatment of ginsenoside Rg3 and 5-fluorouracil triggers the Apaf1/Caspase-9/Caspase-3 pathway, leading to a marked increase in apoptosis, elevating the levels of Cyclin D1, CDK2, and CDK4 levels to halt G0/G1 cell cycle, and suppresses the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway [650].