While we found that RARα agonists can inhibit CMA in cancer cells (Fig. 1E,F), both ATRA and AM580 are also capable of inducing macroautophagy in certain conditions, including breast cancer (Brigger et al, 2015) and NSCLC (Fig. EV2F–H shows increased number of autophagic vesicles and autophagic flux with either treatment). This evidence concerns the gene RARA and cancer.