NFKB1 and monocytic leukemia: In contrast, in the human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) and freshly isolated human monocytes, treatment with 4-HNE followed by 1 h incubation with the TLR-4 ligand LPS resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of NF-κB, measured by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, which measures NF-κB binding to nucleic acids.