CCL2 and lip and oral cavity carcinoma: Our findings align with existing literature that identifies chemokines like CCL2 as crucial in regulating tumor behavior, potentially serving as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in oral cancer.[9,10] The study underlines the reduced serum CCL2 levels in OSCC patients compared to healthy individuals, suggesting its potential utility in OSCC diagnosis and indicating the significance of cytokine profiling in understanding OSCC’s pathogenesis.