CSF2 and cancer: Predicted peak values over 20 days after infection onset for the three VPCs. Immunosuppressed VPs had the highest predicted maximal inflammatory macrophage, IL-6, and GM-CSF concentrations in addition to the lowest maximal CD8+ T cell concentrations. In comparison to the COVID-19 reference VPC, cancer virtual patients were predicted to have higher peak IL-6 and GM-CSF concentrations, increased inflammatory macrophages, and decreased maximal CD8+ T cells and neutrophils. Values indicate means and standard deviations (SD).