ISM1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Among the 10 most upregulated genes in NAFLD were genes related to insulin resistance (PRKCE), glucose metabolism and steatosis (PLIN1), glucose uptake regulation (ISM1), oxidative cell stress response (TP53INP1), and a proinflammatory marker (SERPINE 1) (Supplementary table 1).