HMOX1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A previous study revealed that geniposide can significantly reduce ROS levels, and increase the activity of the antioxidant glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) while elevating the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 under hypoxic and hyperglycemic conditions, maintain a state of redox equilibrium and reduce oxidative stress-related damage through the modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, which provides a theoretical basis for the use of geniposide as an antioxidant to treat NAFLD (Dong et al., 2022).