In addition, compared to the control group, the increase in Akkermansia abundance in the DSS group may be due to the following reasons: On the one hand, IBD leads to a reduced source of nutrients for gut flora, with an impaired intestinal barrier and more exposure of the mucus components, whereas Akkermansia can utilize mucin as the only source of carbon and nitrogen to proliferate and remain relatively stable in the intestinal tract. This evidence concerns the gene MUC5AC and inflammatory bowel disease.