ESR1 and neoplasm: More complex still, extensive crosstalk exists between the non-classical Hippo pathway and the Wnt, NF-κB, and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways; these interactive networks jointly regulate cell fate, immune responses, metabolic reprogramming, and the formation of the tumor microenvironment (Zhao et al., 2023; Britschgi et al., 2017; Ma et al., 2021).