The other validated treatment for IPF, pirfenidone, is an orally administered synthetic molecule that slows disease progression and reduces fibrosis in organs such as the kidney, liver, and heart.43It achieves this by inhibiting profibrotic mediators such as TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1β, while also exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Here, TGFB1 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.