In line with the findings in a previous immunohistochemical study in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (n = 85) and upper urinary tract (n = 25) [109], strong inverse correlations between AR and PD-L1 expression in urothelial carcinoma cells were observed in nephroureterectomy specimens from 99 patients [110] and in a set of commercially available tissue microarray consisting of 103 bladder cancer cases [111], as well as in human bladder urothelial carcinoma cell lines [111]. This evidence concerns the gene AR and urinary bladder carcinoma.