Notably, Cu/APH-M mediated the occurrence of doubly enhanced cuproptosis while triggering a powerful anti-tumor immune response (e.g., effectively promoting the upregulation and release of ICD-associated proteins and molecules, such as Caspase-1, TNF-α, CRT, HSP70, HSP90, ATP) (Fig. 13C and D). Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.