The five most significantly downregulated KEGG pathways are cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, the JAK–STAT signaling pathway, the p53 signaling pathway, leishmaniasis, and allograft rejection (Fig. 4B), and this finding aligns with the prior GO enrichment analysis of genes that are co-expressed with miR155HG (Fig. 1F). Here, IL18R1 is linked to leishmaniasis.