HPGDS and polycystic ovary syndrome: In the same context, a case–control study on 85 women diagnosed with PCOS demonstrated significantly low levels of serum antioxidant levels of glutathione, vitamins C and E, and notably increased activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione transferase, in comparison with those without PCOS [51].