Research has shown that DCs in seropositive RA patients overproduce a wide range of immune mediators, including pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, TNF, and IFN), differentiation factors (such as macrophage colony-stimulating factor and fibroblast growth factor), and chemokines (188–190). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.