ARRB1 and glioblastoma: To elucidate the interaction between ARRB1-△exon13 and the glycolysis pathway, we employed the glycolysis inhibitor 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) to inhibit glycolysis in GBM cells and subsequently performed proliferation assays, including CCK-8 and colony formation assays (Fig. 3A–D).