According to Karkar et al., in a study of 358 hemodialysis patients, an increase in AVF usage was associated with a reduced incidence of infection and access thrombosis, increased mean blood flow, decreased mean spKt/V, lower hemoglobin levels alongside reduced erythropoietin doses, improved serum albumin levels, and a significant reduction in hospitalization rates [2,8]. Here, ALB is linked to infection.