Similarly, IL-8, another pro-inflammatory cytokine, is implicated in tumour angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune evasion, all of which are associated with poorer clinical outcomes in NMIBC (34, 41).Consequently, these inflammatory markers highlight the critical role of systemic inflammation in associating the TyG index with poor prognosis in NMIBC. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is neoplasm.