Overall, this suggests that changes to astrocyte biology in mood disorder could be characterised by either, or both, a reactive, GFAP + phenotype or primarily by a loss of homeostatic function (Patani et al., 2023), whereas local injury and inflammatory insult is more consistently associated with reactive astrogliosis (Carter et al., 2019) (Fig. 5). Here, GFAP is linked to mood disorder.