All 11 PD models quantified GFAP expression (WB, IHC, or IF), which was also increased compared to controls (Jang et al., 2020; Cui et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2022; Zhou et al., 2019b, 2021, 2024; Fang et al., 2019; Sun et al., 2018; Guo et al., 2023; Dwyer et al., 2021) (SMD 3.54 [2.32–4.75], Fig. 3) and coincided with motor deficits using the pole (Cui et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2022; Zhou et al., 2019b, 2021, 2024; Fang et al., 2019; Sun et al., 2018; Guo et al., 2023) or rotarod (Jang et al., 2020; Dwyer et al., 2021) tests. This evidence concerns the gene GFAP and Parkinson disease.