A number of studies noted increased gut (Zhang et al., 2024a; Ahnstedt et al., 2020; Ma et al., 2019) and brain (Zhang et al., 2024a; Silva de Carvalho et al., 2022; Ahnstedt et al., 2020; Ma et al., 2019) permeability post-infarction through increases in TLR4 expression or reduced expression of tight junction proteins (occludin and ZO-1). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and infarction.