EGF and cancer: High glucose levels increase inflammation by creating a pro-inflammatory environment via the production of some pro-inflammatory mediators (cytokines, chemokines, and leukotrienes), and by influencing the recruitment of immune cells, leukocytes in the inflamed region which eventually stimulates epidermal growth factor (EGF), that binds to the EGF receptor (EGFR) and promotes cancer cell proliferation via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MEK pathways [156].