Consistent with this observation, in vivo assays using human CD34+ HSPCs demonstrated that Hu-B03 CAR-T cells slightly reduced the number of HSPCs yet preserved sufficient hematopoietic function to potentially avoid the need for HSCT, a frequent requirement for CD33– or CD123–CAR-T therapies in patients with AML (58, 59). Here, CD33 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.