However, panose treatment failed to alleviate liver injury at this stage, as demonstrated by comparable plasma ALT and AST levels, Sirius Red–stained liver fibrosis scores, and mRNA expression of fibrotic markers (α-Sma, Col1a1, and Timp1) between PBS and panose treatment groups (Supplemental Figure 4, B–D). Here, ACTA1 is linked to medical procedure.