Similarly, analysis of pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment markers demonstrated elevated expression of IL-8 (P<0.0001 and P=0.0003), CCL2 (P=0.0139 and P=0.0007), and COX2 (P=0.0274 and P=0.0013) in the right colon of PSC patients compared with both IBD alone and control groups (Figure 4D). This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and inflammatory bowel disease.