BPA exacerbated hepatic steatosis in the OVX HBPA group, elevating lipid/collagen deposition with reduced Mttp mRNA and upregulated β-oxidation (Acox1, Acadvl), mitochondrial uncoupling (Ucp2), ER stress (Hyou1, Atf6), and liver injury (Tgfb1, Casp8) genes. Here, TGFB1 is linked to fatty liver disease.