Figure 3a shows that lower Apo Ai values are associated with higher CHD probability, consistent with Supplementary Table 4 and reviews of Apo Ai (31). Hypertension, smoking status and age have been reported as CHD risk factors in T2DM patients (32). The other features in the optimized model, FIB and HDL-C, are consistent with previous studies (30, 33). A meta-analysis found a non-linear relationship between Glu and cardiovascular disease in non-T2DM patients (34). This evidence concerns the gene APOA1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.