In comparison to the vehicle group, during the early phase of infection (4 dpi), serum levels of IL-1β (P < 0.0001) (Figure 1e) and lung tissue levels of IL-1β (P < 0.05) (Supplementary Figure 1f) exhibited approximately a twofold increase, while lung tissue levels of IL-6 also doubled (P < 0.01) (Supplementary Figure 1g). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and infection.