THBS1 and osteoarthritis: Notably, our previous research indicated that THBS1 overexpression alleviated surgery-induced osteoarthritis; however, after GPX4 knockout in chondrocytes, THBS1 was unable to effectively reduce osteophyte formation (Supplementary Figures S2E, F), cartilage loss was exacerbated, and cartilage damage severity increased (Supplementary Figures S2G, H).