In previous neoadjuvant ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1) studies prior to surgical resection, while no correlation was observed between TLS quantity, TLS induction was seen in R, with immature TLSs higher in patient tumor specimens that did not have a complete response (CR) (116). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.