Additionally, adenovirus-based oncolytic virus, Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV2), induced significant innate immune responses characterized by increased infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into tumor sites, accompanied by a modest adaptive immune response reflected by elevated numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in both tumor tissues and peripheral blood (Martin-Carrasco et al., 2022). Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.