SOD1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Reduced metal ion concentration (Farrokhzad et al., 2024), reduced intramolecular disulfide connections, misfolding, absence of post-translational modifications, decreased net negative charge (Abdullah Waheed et al., 2024), much higher propensity to dissociate the dimer interface (Faradonbeh et al., 2025), disruption of the hydrogen bond network as well as hydrophobic bonds (Ashkaran et al., 2024) are all characteristics of SOD1 mutations associated with ALS.