For instance, polymorphisms to human leukocyte antigens or the human matrix mateloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) gene have been associated with increased risk of TB disease risk, development of IRIS, or TB-induced fibrosis (Wang et al., 2010; Tervi et al., 2023; Messah et al., 2024). The gene discussed is MMP1; the disease is tuberculosis.