CD46 and TREM1 are highly expressed on the surface of OSCC cells, which can protect tumor cells from complement dissolution and promote the proliferation of OSCC cells by inhibiting complement activation; otherwise, CD46 and TREM1 inhibit the apoptosis of OSCC cells by inhibiting the expression of LC3B and ATG5 autophagy and apoptosis genes, which is beneficial to the escape of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells; therefore, CD46 can be used as a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of OSCC. This evidence concerns the gene CD46 and neoplasm.