HPGDS and neoplasm: In contrast, PGD2 distinguishes itself within the prostaglandin family through its tumor-suppressive properties, with PTGDS/PGD2 playing important roles in various cancer types and showing tissue specificity in function (Pan et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2024; Shyu et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2012; Murata et al., 2011).