HMGCR and alcohol dependence: In terms of lipid metabolism, naringenin reduces hepatic inflammation by downregulating the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR), acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), inhibiting VLDL assembly, reducing intracellular cholesteryl ester and TG accumulation in hepatocytes, and ameliorating alcohol-induced steatosis (Nahmias et al., 2008).